Good luck.

 I. GEOGRAPHY A (1 point each)
Put the initials of the appropriate legal family next to the following countries or regions. Use the following abbreviations:

1. Romanistic= R
2. Germanic= G
3. Nordic= N
4. Anglo-American= A
5. Socialist= S

(Do not include the Hindu, Islamic, or Far Eastern legal families [or African customary law] in this exercise):

Algeria Angola Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Canada Chile China Cuba

Denmark East Germany England Ethiopia Finland France Gambia Ghana Greece Guinea Iceland

India Italy Kenya Liberia Luxembourg Madagascar Mozambique Netherlands New Zealand Norway Pakistan

China Poland Soviet Union Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Turkey United States West Germany Yugoslavia

 II. GEOGRAPHY B: MAP (on the next page [a smaller map is provided here])
Indicate how the world’s legal systems divide along these lines:


1. Civil Law (use vertical lines)
2. Common Law (use horizontal lines)
3. Socialist Law (use diagonal lines)

[Total possible points= 15]

III. VERY SHORT ANSWERS (1 point each)

1. Which legal family considers itself based on immutable laws? _____________________________________________________
2. Which legal families are personal law in that they are applicable depending on a person’s religion? ________________________
3. Which major nonGerman-speaking country adopted the Austrian Civil Code (ABGB)? ___________________________________________
4. Which major nonGerman-speaking country adopted the Swiss Civil Code (ZGB)? ________________________________________________
5. What is the Shari’ah? ______________________________________
6. Which legal family includes the smallest number of people? _________
7. Which legal family includes the largest number of people? __________
8. Which legal family has substantial influence in only one country? _____
9. Which legal family did not exist before the 20th century? ___________
10. Which legal family is the least legalistic? _______________________
11. What is the basis for the private law of the Channel Islands? ______________________________________________________
12. What 18th century intellectual movement gave impetus to the idea of legal codification? ________________________________________
13. Which civil code gives more discretion to the judge, that of Germany or that of Switzerland? ________________________________
14. What code came into force on January 1, 1900? _______________
15. What legal family was Russia a member of before the Bolshevik coup d’ état? __________________________________________________
16. Which country still uses juries in civil trials? ________________
17. How many schools of (Sunni) Islamic law are there? ___________
18. Does modern Indian legislation make the rules of Hindu law apply to such Indian non-Hindus as Sikhs and Buddhists? _____________

 IV. FAIRLY SHORT ANSWERS (2 points each)

1. What are the three kinds of plan in the Soviet Union? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
   
2. What are the three kinds of fund in the Soviet Union? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
   
3. What is the usus modernus pandectarum? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
   
4. Who was Justinian and what is his significance for legal history? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
   
5. Who was Napoleon and what is his significance for legal history? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
   
6. What are the three kinds of law in South Africa? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
   
7. Which three countries have remnants of Dutch-Roman law? ______________________________________________________
   
8. Name 3 "legal institutions." __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
   
9. What was the "Reception"? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
   
10. What date counts as the effective beginning of the history of the Common Law? What happened on that date? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
11. What are the 5 or 6 areas in which Roman law has had a toe hold in England? Mention as many as you can think of. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
12. What is meant by "sources" of the law? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
13. What are the three extant Civil Law families? ______________________________________________________
    
14. What two areas of private law are often subject to special religious or customary regulation? ________________________________
    
15. What are the four roots or sources of Islamic law? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
16. What are Anglo-Mohammedan law and Anglo-Hindu law?
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
17. What are the three kinds of ownership in the Soviet Union? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
18. What are the 2 core legal institutions of the market economy? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
19. What is the comparative law methodological "principle of functionality"?
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
20. Who were the Pandectists? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
21. What 3 great codes came into force in Europe at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries? (In what years?) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
22. What are the 5 factors determining the style of a legal system which can be used as a basis for classification? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
23. Name 5 hybrid legal systems and say how they are hybrid.
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
24. What are the various influences in contemporary Japanese law (civil law, criminal law, constitutional law etc.)? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
25. Which Common Law countries have a part of their territory based on Civil Law? What are the names of those places?
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
26. Zweigert and Kötz point to one political subunit, one nation, and one collection of nations as possible models for future European legal unification. What are these places and what makes them possible models? (brief answer)
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    

 V. BRIEF ESSAYS (5 points each) Use blue books

1. Compare Romanistic law, Germanic law, and Nordic law.
2. Compare Civil law and Common law.
3. Compare Socialist law and Capitalist law. (Include, if possible, the ideological reasons for the different approaches to the law of property.)
4. Compare Western (including Socialist) and Eastern law (viz., Far Eastern, Hindu, and Islamic). Your answer can focus on any number of things.
5. What is law?

 VI. DEFINE THESE TERMS (two points for each line) Use blue book–you can change the order at your convenience, but indicate what it is you are defining.


1. public law/private law
2. breach of contract/tort (or delict)/crime
3. stare decisis, precedent
4. court of first instance, original jurisdiction, trial court
5. writ/remedy
6. common law/equity
7. case law/statute (including code) law
8. criminal prosecution/civil action
9. substantive law/procedural law
10. law/fact
11. separation of powers
12. natural law/positive law
13. trial court/appellate court
14. felony/misdemeanor
15. ratio decidendi/obiter dictum
16. res judicata
17. private international law (conflict of laws)
18. strict liability
19. canon law
20. uniform law
21. barrister/solicitor
22. adversarial/inquisitional procedures
23. specific performance/damages

VII. ANY THOUGHTS OR INSIGHTS YOU HAVE REGARDING THE ISSUES DISCUSSED IN THE BOOK, IN THE CLASS, OR REGARDING LAW IN GENERAL. (maximum possible points: 10). Use blue book.

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